Robert Bartholow or Roberts Bartholow (November 28, 1831 - 1904) was an American physician from New Windsor, Maryland. He earned his degree in medicine from the University of Maryland in 1852. From 1855-1864 he was a surgeon in the U.S. Army. From 1864-1879 he was a professor at the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati. Afterwards he was a professor at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. He is known for his application of Faradic electrical currents to the exposed dura of a patient.