Sa'ad ad-Din II

•  Haqq ad-Din II

  Haqq ad-Din II (ruled late 14th century) was a sultan of Ifat, and the son of Ahmad ibn Ali. Taddesse Tamrat credits Haqq as "the founder of the kingdom of Adal as we know it in its protracted struggle with the Christian kingdom [of Ethiopia]" Although al-Makrizi states that both Haqq ad-Din and his brother Sa'ad ad-Din were born at the Ethiopian court, both grew up to be the strongest champions of Islam in the Ethiopian region.

  

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•  Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din

  Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din (flourished after 1344) was the son of Sabr ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him governor of Ifat after the death of his father. According to Taddesse Tamrat, al-Makrizi describes Ali as "the first to revolt from the customary allegiance to the Hati [Emperor]", a claim that Taddesse Tamrat explains as meaning that Ali was the first of his family to revolt since the death of Emperor Amda Seyon I.

  

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•  Walashma dynasty

  The Walashma dynasty was a Muslim noble family who ruled Ifat - parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and western Somalia. The earliest known member of this family was Umar ibn Dunya-huz (died 1275), whose son Ali ibn Wali Ashma conquered the Muslim kingdom of Shewa. The last member of this dynasty was Barakat ibn Umar Din, who was driven from his capital of Harar by the Ethiopian general Hamalmal in 1559.

  

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•  Jamal ad-Din I

  Jamal ad-Din (flourished mid 14th century) was governor of Ifat. He was the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma and a brother of Haqq ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Amda Seyon I made him governor of Ifat after the defeat and imprisonment of his brother Sabr ad-Din I. Taddesse Tamrat notes that Jamal ad-Din had been released from prison upon his appointment, and speculates that the Emperor had held onto the noble as a hostage to guarantee the loyalty of Ifat.

  

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•  Sabr ad-Din I

  Sabr ad-Din I (flourished 1332) was an amir of Ifat, the son of Nahwi bin Mansur bin Umar Walashma and younger brother of Haqq ad-Din I. Sabr ad-Din rallied his fellow Muslims in a counteroffensive in early 1332 against the Ethiopians; however, the Emperor of Ethiopia Amda Seyon I defeated him in battle, then invaded a number of Muslim kingdoms, including Dawaro and Bale, which brought an end to the independent kingdoms of Hadiya, Fatagar, Dawaro, and Ifat.

  

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•  Haqq ad-Din I

  Haqq ad-Din I (flourished 1328) was an amir of Ifat and the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma. According to I.M. Lewis, Amir Haqq "turned the sporadic and disjointed forays of his predecessors into a full-scale war of aggression, and apparently for the first time, couched his call to arms in the form of a religious war against the Abyssinian 'infidel'". He was encouraged by Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt to attack Ethiopia.

  

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•  Sabr ad-Din II

  Sabr ad-Din II (died 1422/1423) was a king of Adal and the oldest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II. Trimingham tersely states that Sabr ad-Din returned to Africa from Yemen to reclaim his father's realm, but was defeated in battle by the Emperor of Ethiopia Yeshaq. E. A. Wallis Budge offers some more details, explaining that he was chosen as the first to return to their father's lands; he crossed over to Adal and established a base in Sayarah, where he was joined by many of his father's followers.

  

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•  Ahmad ibn Ali

  Ahmad ibn Ali (flourished mid 14th century) was the son of Jamal ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him governor of Ifat after his father Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din unsuccessfully revolted against the Emperor and was put into prison. His father Ali was released from imprisonment after eight years and restored to the governorship, whereupon he treated Ahmad as a traitor, excluding him from all positions of authority.

  

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•  Mansur ad-Din

  

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•  Jamal ad-Din II

  Jamal ad-Din II (died 1433) was a sultan of Adal and the youngest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II.

  

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• Walashma dynasty by likeorhate

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•  Podgorica Airport

  Podgorica Airport is an international airport located 11 km (7 miles) south of Podgorica, Montenegro. It is the main hub for Montenegro Airlines. It is one of two public airports in Montenegro, the other being Tivat Airport. Both are operated by the state-owned company Airports of Montenegro (Аеродроми Црне Горе, Aerodromi Crne Gore). The airport is sometimes called Golubovci Airport by the locals, as the town of Golubovci is in close proximity.

  

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•  Colony Collapse Disorder

  

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• 1985 by likeorhate