Hot rolling

•  Forging

  Forging is the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed: '"cold," "warm," or "hot" forging. Forged parts can range in weight from less than a kilogram to 170 metric tons. Forged parts usually require further processing to achieve a finished part.

  

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•  Coining (metalworking)

  Coining is a form of precision stamping in which a workpiece is subjected to a sufficiently high stress to induce plastic flow on the surface of the material. A beneficial feature is that in some metals, the plastic flow reduces surface grains size, work hardening the surface, while the material deeper in the part retains its toughness and ductility. The term comes from the initial use of the process: manufacturing of coins.

  

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•  Box and pan brake

  

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•  Machine press

  A machine press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes the shape of a workpiece.

  

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•  Die (manufacturing)

  A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material using a press. Like molds and stencils, dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology.

  

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•  Extrusion

  Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile. A material is pushed or drawn through a die of the desired cross-section. The two main advantages of this process over other manufacturing processes are its ability to create very complex cross-sections and work materials that are brittle, because the material only encounters compressive and shear stresses. It also forms finished parts with an excellent surface finish.

  

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•  Knurling

  Knurling is a manufacturing process, typically conducted on a lathe, whereby a visually-attractive diamond-shaped (criss-cross) pattern is cut or rolled into metal. This pattern allows hands or fingers to get a better grip on the knurled object than would be provided by the originally-smooth metal surface. Occasionally, the knurled pattern is a series of straight ridges or a helix of "straight" ridges rather than the more-usual criss-cross pattern.

  

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•  Swage

  

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•  Electromagnetic forming

  Electromagnetic forming (EM forming or magneforming) is a type of high velocity, cold process for electrically conductive metals, most commonly copper and aluminium. The workpiece is reshaped by high intensity pulsed magnetic fields that induce a current in the workpiece and a corresponding repulsive magnetic field, rapidly repelling portions of the workpiece.

  

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•  Sheet metal

  Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking, and can be cut and bent into a variety of different shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed of the material. Thicknesses can vary significantly, although extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate. Sheet metal is available as flat pieces or as a coiled strip.

  

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• Metal forming by likeorhate
• Metallurgy by likeorhate

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•  Godfrey II, Duke of Lower Lorraine

  Godfrey II (965 – 1023), called the Childless, son of Godfrey I, Count of Verdun, was the count of Verdun from his father's death in 1002 and duke of Lower Lorraine after the death in 1012 of the Carolingian Otto, who left no sons. He was appointed duke by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, on the advice of Gerard of Florennes, bishop of Cambrai. His selection was based on the need for a strong military hand to pacify the duchy and stabilise the French border.

  

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•  29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)

  The 29th Infantry Brigade Combat Team is an Infantry brigade of the United States Army National Guard of Hawaii.

  

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•  Atlit camp

  

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•  Vítor José

  

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•  USNS General D. E. Aultman

  

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