Plainsong

•  Gregorian chant

  Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic liturgical music within Western Christianity that accompanied the celebration of Mass and other ritual services. It is named after Pope Gregory I, Bishop of Rome from 590 to 604, who is traditionally credited for having ordered the simplification and cataloging of music assigned to specific celebrations in the church calendar.

  

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•  Monophony

  In music, monophony is the simplest of textures, consisting of melody without accompanying harmony. This may be realized as just one note at a time, or with the same note duplicated at the octave (such as often when men and women sing together). If the entire melody is sung by two voices or a choir with an interval between the notes or in unison, it is also said to be in monophony. Music in which all the notes sung are in unison is called monophonic.

  

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•  Mantra

  A mantra is a sound, syllable, word, or group of words that are considered capable of "creating transformation". Their use and type varies according to the school and philosophy associated with the mantra. Mantras originated in the Vedic tradition of India, later becoming an essential part of the Hindu tradition and a customary practice within Buddhism and Jainism.

  

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•  Chant

  Chant is the rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two pitches called reciting tones. Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech.

  

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•  Shomyo

  Shōmyō is a style of Japanese Buddhist chant, used mainly in the Tendai and Shingon sects. There are two styles: ryokyoku and rikkyoku, described as difficult and easy to remember, respectively. Shomyo, like gagaku, employs the Yo scale, a pentatonic scale with ascending intervals of two, three, two, two, and three semitones.

  

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•  Buddhist chant

  A Buddhist chant is a form of musical verse or incantation, in some ways analogous to Hindu, Christian or Jewish religious recitations. They exist in just about every part of the Buddhist world, from the Wats in Thailand to the Tibetan Buddhist temples of India. Almost every Buddhist school has some tradition of chanting associated with it, regardless of being Theravada or Mahayana.

  

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•  Anglican chant

  Anglican chant is a way to sing un-metrical texts, such as prose translations of the psalms, canticles, and other, similar biblical texts by matching the natural speech-rhythm of the words in each verse to a short piece of metrical music. Anglican Chant was developed in England at the time of the English Reformation and appears to be an adaptation of the plainchant method that was in common use at the time for singing the same texts but in Latin.

  

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•  Qur'an reading

  Qur'an reading is the reading aloud, reciting, or chanting of portions of the Qur'an. It is not considered music by Muslims and when recited the style is structurally dissimilar from music. The reciter is called a muqri', tālī, murattil, mujawwid, or most commonly a qari. (Touma 1996, p.153-154) Recitation should be done according to rules of pronunciation, intonation, and caesuras established by Muhammad, though first recorded in the eighth century CE.

  

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•  U-S-A! cheer

  The U-S-A! cheer is a chant that was first popularized after being yelled by fans during the 1980 Winter Olympics, held in Lake Placid, New York, USA, where the US men's ice hockey team defeated the Soviet Union in what became known as the "Miracle on Ice", later moving on to beat Finland for the gold.

  

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•  Znamenny Chant

  Znamenny Chant is a singing tradition used in the Russian Orthodox Church. Znamenny Chant is unison, melismatic liturgical singing that has its own specific notation, called Kryuki or Znamena . Znamenny melodies are part of a system, consisting of Eight Modes (intonation structures); the melodies are characterized by fluency and well-balancedness. There exist several types of Znamenny Chant: the so-called Stolpovoy, Malyj (Little) and Bolshoy (Great) Znamenny Chant.

  

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• Chants by likeorhate
• Christian liturgy, rites, and worship services by likeorhate
• Christian music genres by likeorhate
• Song forms by likeorhate

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•  IPsec

  Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypting each of a data stream. IPsec also includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to be used during the session. IPsec can be used to protect data flows between a pair of hosts, between a pair of security gateways, or between a security gateway and a host.

  

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•  County Sligo

  County Sligo is one of the traditional counties of Ireland and is located within the province of Connacht. It was named after the town of Sligo. Sligo is the 22nd largest of Ireland’s 32 counties in area and 25th largest in terms of population. It is the fourth largest of Connacht’s 5 counties in size and third largest in terms of population.

  

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•  Yongping County

  Yongping County is a county in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture located in southern Yunnan Province, China.

  

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•  Ghauth Jasmon

  YBhg. Professor Datuk Dr. Ghauth Jasmon is the current University of Malaya vice chancellor (VC). He took office on 8 November 2008 replacing Datuk Rafiah Salim. Prior to this, Ghauth Jasmon was the Multimedia University president and CEO of Unity College International. Prof. Ghauth was invited by Telekom Malaysia to set up and build Universiti Telekom (the first private university in Malaysia) in October 1996 and commenced duty as President in December 1996.

  

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•  Wang-Krogdahl's system

  

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