Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (15 January 1809 in Besançon – 19 January 1865 in Passy) was a French politician, mutualist philosopher and socialist. He was a member of the French Parliament, and he was the first person to call himself an "". He is considered among the most influential theorists and organisers of anarchism. After the events of 1848 he began to call himself a federalist. Proudhon was a printer who taught himself Latin in order to better print books in the language.