Repoussé and chasing

•  Casting (metalworking)

  In metalworking, casting involves pouring a liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process. Casting is most often used for making complex shapes that would be difficult or uneconomical to make by other methods. The casting process is subdivided into two main categories: expendable and non-expendable casting.

  

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•  Lapidary

  A lapidary (the word means "concerned with stones") is an artist or artisan who forms stone, mineral, gemstones, and other suitably durable materials into decorative items such as engraved gems, including cameos, or cabochons, and faceted designs. Hardstone carving is the term in art history for the objects produced and the craft. An overview of the art history of the subject is given there.

  

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•  Engraving

  Engraving is the practice of incising a design on to a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an intaglio printing plate, of copper or another metal, for printing images on paper as prints or illustrations; these images are also called engravings.

  

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•  Sterling silver

  Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% by weight of silver and 7.5% by weight of other metals, usually copper. The sterling silver standard has a minimum millesimal fineness of 925. Fine silver (99.9% pure) is generally too soft for producing large functional objects; therefore, the silver is usually alloyed with copper to give it strength, while at the same time preserving the ductility and beauty of the precious metal.

  

  33.3%
  

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•  Vitreous enamel

  In a discussion of material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U.S. English) is the colorful result of fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 degrees Celsius. The powder melts and flows and hardens to a smooth, durable vitreous coating on metal, glass or ceramic. According to some sources, the word enamel comes from the High German word smelzan via the Old French esmail.

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Goldsmith

  A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals. Since ancient times the techniques of a Goldsmith have evolved very little in order to produce items of jewelry of quality standards. In modern times actual Goldsmiths are rare.

  

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•  Hallmark

  A hallmark is an official mark or series of marks struck on items made of precious metals — platinum, gold, silver and in some nations, palladium. In a more general sense, the term ' can also be used to refer to any distinguishing characteristic or trait.

  

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•  Laser engraving

  Laser engraving is the practice of using lasers to engrave or mark an object. The technique can be very technical and complex, and often a computer system is used to drive the movements of the laser head. Despite this complexity, very precise and clean engravings can be achieved at a high rate. The technique does not involve tool bits which contact the engraving surface and wear out.

  

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•  Cloisonné

  Cloisonné is an ancient technique for decorating metalwork objects, in recent centuries using vitreous enamel, and in older periods also inlays of cut gemstones, glass, and other materials. The resulting objects can also be called cloisonné. The decoration is formed by first adding compartments (cloisons in French) to the metal object by soldering or glueing silver or gold wires or thin strips placed on their edges.

  

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•  Lost-wax casting

  Lost-wax casting sometimes called by the French name of cire perdue (from the Latin cera perduta) is the process by which a bronze or brass is cast from an artist's sculpture; in industrial uses, the modern process is called investment casting. An ancient practice, the process today varies from foundry to foundry, but the steps which are usually used in casting small bronze sculptures in a modern bronze foundry are generally quite standardized.

  

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• Jewellery making by likeorhate
• Native American culture by likeorhate
• Native American history by likeorhate
• Sculpture techniques by likeorhate

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•  Ethics

  Ethics (also known as moral philosophy) is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about morality; that is, about concepts such as good and bad, right and wrong, justice, and virtue.

  

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•  2007 Catania football violence

  On February 2, 2007, football violence occurred between football supporters and the police in Catania, Italy. The clashes occurred during and after the Serie A match between Catania and Palermo football clubs, also known as the Sicilian derby. Police officer Filippo Raciti, 40, was killed.

  

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•  Bishop of Carlisle (Catholic)

  

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•  Magnolia Grove (Dayton, Alabama)

  

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•  Idia rotundalis

  The Chocolate Idia (Idia rotundalis) is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It is found from southern Canada to Florida and Texas. The wingspan is about 20 mm. There is one generation in the north and two or more generations in the south. Larvae feed on detritus, including dead leaves.

  

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