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Tartronic acid or 2-hydroxymalonic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the structural formula of HOOCCH(OH)COOH. Its derivative, 2-methyltartronic acid, is isomalic acid. More information...

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  • α-Ketoglutaric acid is one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid. (The term "ketoglutaric acid," when not further qualified, almost always refers to the alpha variant. β-Ketoglutaric acid varies only by the position of the ketone functional group, and is much less common. ) Its anion, α-ketoglutarate (also called oxo-glutarate) is an important biological compound. It is the keto acid produced by de-amination of glutamate, and is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.png
  • Aspartic acid (abbreviated as Asp or D; Asx or B represent either aspartic acid or asparagine) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CO2H. The carboxylate anion of aspartic acid is known as aspartate. The -isomer of aspartate is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e. , the building blocks of proteins. Its codons are GAU and GAC. Aspartic acid is, together with glutamic acid, classified as an acidic amino acid with a pKa of 4.0. Aspartate is pervasive in biosynthesis.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L-aspartic-acid-3D-sticks2.png
  • Glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu or E) is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, and its codons are GAA and GAG. It is a non-essential amino acid. The carboxylate anions and salts of glutamic acid are known as glutamates.
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  • Tartaric acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid. It occurs naturally in many plants, particularly grapes, bananas, and tamarinds, and is one of the main acids found in wine. It is added to other foods to give a sour taste, and is used as an antioxidant. Salts of tartaric acid are known as tartrates. It is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid. Tartaric acid was first isolated from potassium tartrate, known to the ancients as tartar, c.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HomemadeTartaric.jpg
  • Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid. Succinate plays a biochemical role in the citric acid cycle. The name derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber, from which the acid may be obtained. The carboxylate anion is called succinate and esters of succinic acid are called alkyl succinates.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S-malate_wpmp.png
  • Malic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2CHOHCO2H. This dicarboxylic acid is the active ingredient in many sour or tart foods. Malic acid is found mostly in unripe fruits. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.png
  • Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(CO2H)2. It is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid. Although phthalic acid is of minor commercial importance, the closely related derivative phthalic anhydride is a commodity chemical produced on a megaton/y scale.
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  • Oxalic acid is the chemical compound with the formula that can be written in a number of equivalent ways, C2O4H2, C2O2(OH)2, and as HOOCCOOH. This colourless solid is a dicarboxylic acid. In terms of acid strength, it is about 3,000 times stronger than acetic acid. Its conjugate base, known as oxalate (C2O4), is a reducing agent as well as a chelating agent for metal cations. Typically oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula C2O4H2·2H2O.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OxalicAcid-spaceFilling.png
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    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Synthesis_of_malonic_acid.png
  • Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid, is the chemical compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. This white crystalline compound is one of two isomeric unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the other being maleic acid, wherein the carboxylic acid groups are cis. It has a fruit-like taste. The salts and esters of fumaric acid are known as fumarates. Fumaric acid, when added to food products, is an acidity regulator denoted by E number E297.
    http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Succinate_wpmp.png

 

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