Time transfer

•  Asynchronous communication

  In telecommunications, Asynchronous communication is transmission of data without the use of an external clock signal. Any timing required to recover data from the communication symbols is encoded within the symbols. The most significant aspect of asynchronous communications is variable bit rate, or that the transmitter and receiver clock generators do not have to be exactly synchronized.

  

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•  Burnt-in timecode

  Burnt-in timecode (often abbreviated to BITC by analogy to VITC) is a human-readable on-screen version of the timecode information for a piece of material superimposed on a video image. BITC is sometimes used in conjunction with "real" machine-readable timecode, but more often used in copies of original material on to a non-broadcast format such as VHS, so that the VHS copies can be traced back to their master tape and the original time codes easily located.

  

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•  Linear timecode

  Linear (or Longitudinal) Timecode (LTC) encodes SMPTE timecode data as a Manchester-Biphase encoded audio signal. The audio signal is commonly recorded on a VTR track or other storage media. Each frame is terminated by a 'sync word' which has a special predefined sync relationship with any video or film content. A special bit in the linear timecode frame, the 'biphase mark correction' bit, ensures that there are an even number of AC transitions in each timecode frame.

  

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•  MIDI timecode

  MIDI time code (MTC) embeds the same timing information as standard SMPTE time code as a series of small 'quarter-frame' MIDI messages. There is no provision for the user bits in the standard MIDI time code messages, and SysEx messages are used to carry this information instead. The quarter-frame messages are transmitted in a sequence of eight messages, thus a complete timecode value is specified every two frames.

  

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•  Synchronization

  Synchronization or synchronisation is timekeeping which requires the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. The familiar conductor of an orchestra serves to keep the orchestra in time. Systems operating with all their parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync. Some systems may be only approximately synchronized, or plesiochronous. For some applications relative offsets between events need to be determined, for others only the order of the event is important.

  

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•  Vertical interval timecode

  Vertical Interval TimeCode (VITC, pronounced "vitsee") is a form of SMPTE timecode embedded as a pair of black-and-white bars in a video signal. These lines are typically inserted into the vertical blanking interval of the video signal. There can be more than one VITC pair in a single frame of video: this can be used to encode extra data that will not fit in a standard timecode frame.

  

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•  Bilateral synchronization

  In telecommunication, bilateral synchronization (or bilateral control) is a synchronization control system between exchanges A and B in which the clock at telephone exchange A controls the data received at exchange B and the clock at exchange B controls the data received at exchange A. Bilateral synchronization is usually implemented by deriving the timing from the incoming bitstream. Source: from Federal Standard 1037C in support of MIL-STD-188

  

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•  Bit stuffing

  In data transmission and telecommunication, bit stuffing (also known—uncommonly—as positive justification) is the insertion of noninformation bits into data. Stuffed bits should not be confused with overhead bits. Bit stuffing is used for various purposes, such as for bringing bit streams that do not necessarily have the same or rationally related bit rates up to a common rate, or to fill buffers or frames.

  

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•  Double-ended synchronization

  For two connected exchanges in a communications network, a double-ended synchronization (also called double-ended control) is a synchronization control scheme in which the phase error signals used to control the clock at one telephone exchange are derived by comparison with the phase of the incoming digital signal and the phase of the internal clocks at both exchanges.

  

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•  Extended superframe

  In telecommunication, an Extended Super Frame (ESF) is a T1 framing standard, sometimes called D5 framing because it was first used in the D5 Channel Bank, invented in the 1980s. It is preferred to its predecessor, Super Frame, because it includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and 4000 bit/s channel capacity for a data link channel (used to pass out-of-band data between equipment.

  

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• Synchronization by likeorhate
• Time signal radio stations by likeorhate

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•  Echovirus

  An echovirus is a type of RNA virus that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. Echoviruses are found in the gastrointestinal tract (hence it being part of the enterovirus genus) and exposure to the virus causes other opportunistic infections and diseases.

  

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•  Susan Constant

  Susan Constant, at 120 tons, was the largest of three ships of the English Virginia Company that were led by Captain Christopher Newport on the 1607 voyage that resulted in the founding of the first permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown, in the new Colony of Virginia. On that voyage, she carried 71 colonists, all male. Her keel length is estimated at 55.2 feet. Her overall length from tip to stern is estimated at 116 feet. She returned to England in May 1607.

  

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•  Grimm's Fairy Tales

  Children's and Household Tales is a collection of German origin fairy tales first published in 1812 by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, the Brothers Grimm. The collection is commonly known today as Grimm's Fairy Tales. It popularised the fairy tales which had mostly been taken from the Italian fairy tale writers Giambattista Basile and Giovanni Francesco Straparola.

  

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•  Cefn-y-Bedd railway station

  Cefn-y-bedd railway station serves the Welsh village of Cefn-y-bedd in Flintshire, Wales. The station is 6 km (4 miles) north of Wrexham General on the Borderlands Line.

  

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•  Carrión de los Céspedes, Seville

  

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