Appanage

•  Tallage

  Tallage or talliage (from the French tailler, i.e. a part cut out of the whole) may have signified at first any tax, but became in England and France a landuse or land tenure tax. Later in England it was further limited to assessments by the crown upon cities, boroughs, and royal domains. In effect, tallage was a land tax.

  

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•  Droit de seigneur

  Droit de seigneur ("the lord's right", often conflated with the Latin phrase "Jus primae noctis"), is a term now popularly used to describe an alleged legal right allowing the lord of an estate to take the virginity of the estate's virgins. Little or no historical evidence has been unearthed from the Middle Ages to support the idea that it ever actually existed. It is also sometimes spelled droit du seigneur, but native French prefer the term droit de cuissage or droit de jambage.

  

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•  Scutage

  The tax of scutage, in the law of England under the feudal system, allowed a knight to "buy out" of the military service due to the Crown from the holder of a knight's fee. Its name derived from the knightly shield . The term sometimes loosely applies to other pecuniary levies on the basis of the knight's fee.

  

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•  Taille

  The taille was a direct land tax on the French peasantry and non-nobles in Ancien Régime France. The tax was imposed on each household and based on how much land it held.

  

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•  Corvée

  Corvée is labor, that is often unpaid, that is required of people of lower social standing and imposed on them by their superiors (often an aristocrat or noble). It differs from chattel slavery in that the worker is not owned outright – being free in various respects other than in the dispensation of his or her labour – and the work is usually intermittent; typically only a certain number of days' or months' work is required each year.

  

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•  Socage

  Socage was one of the feudal duties and hence land tenure forms in the feudal system. A farmer, for example, held the land in exchange for a clearly-defined, fixed payment to be made at specified intervals to his feudal lord, who in turn had his own feudal obligations, to the farmer and to the Crown. In theory this might involve supplying the lord with produce but most usually it meant a straightforward payment of cash, i.e. , rent.

  

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•  Knight's fee

  In mediæval England and Anglo-Norman Ireland, a knight's fee. also sometimes called scutage, was the amount of money and/or military service a fief was required to pay to support one knight. Under the feudal system, land was exchanged for military service, thus knight's fees were used to describe the value of land. A fief could provide either the service of a knight, or an equivalent amount of money to allow a lord to hire a knight.

  

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•  Serjeanty

  Under the feudal system in late and high medieval England, tenure by serjeanty was a form of land-holding in return for some specified service, ranking between tenure by knight-service (enfeoffment) and tenure in socage. It is also used of similar forms in Continental Europe.

  

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•  Knight-service

  Knight-service was the dominant and distinctive tenure of land as a fief associated with a knight under the English feudal system.

  

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•  Frankalmoin

  Material here has been extracted from the 1911 Britannica encyclopedia. Frankalmoin or frankalmoigne (from Norman French fraunch aumoyne “free alms”) was one of the feudal duties and hence land tenures in feudal England. By it an ecclesiastical body held land in return for saying prayers and masses for the soul of the granter. Not only was secular service frequently not due but in the 12th and 13th centuries jurisdiction over land so held belonged to the ecclesiastical courts.

  

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• Feudal duties by likeorhate
• Medieval France by likeorhate
• Monarchy by likeorhate
• Nobility by likeorhate
• Political history of the Ancien Régime by likeorhate

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•  Battle of Agrigentum

  The battle of Agrigentum was the first pitched battle of the First Punic War and the first large-scale military confrontation between Carthaginians and the Republic of Rome. The battle was fought after a long siege which started in 262 BC and resulted both in a Roman victory and the beginning of the Roman control of Sicily.

  

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•  Lava Fork

  Lava Fork is a creek in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, west of the Unuk River and northwest of Stewart. It flows south from the Lava Lakes across the British Columbia-Alaska border into the Blue River in the extreme northern part of Misty Fjords National Monument.

  

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•  Smalltooth sawfish

  The smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata), also known as the wide sawfish, is a sawfish of the family Pristidae, found in shallow tropical and subtropical waters in coastal parts of the Atlantic, including the Mediterranean. Reports from elsewhere are now believed to be misidentifications of other species of sawfish. This critically endangered species reaches a length of up to 7.6 metres (25 ft).

  

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•  1968 U.S. Open (tennis)

  

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•  Bombay the Hard Way

  

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