Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diode

•  Diode

  In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric current in only one direction. The term usually refers to a semiconductor diode, the most common type today, which is a crystal of semiconductor connected to two electrical terminals, a P-N junction. A vacuum tube diode, now little used, is a vacuum tube with two electrodes; a plate and a cathode.

  

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•  Back-to-back connection

  In telecommunications, a back-to-back connection is a direct connection between either: the output of a transmitting device and the input of an associated receiving device. When used for equipment measurements or testing purposes, such a back-to-back connection eliminates the effects of the transmission channel or medium. the output of a receiving device and the input to a transmitting device. Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188

  

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•  Zener diode

  A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current not only in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage". The device was named after Clarence Zener, who discovered this electrical property. A conventional solid-state diode will not allow significant current if it is reverse-biased below its reverse breakdown voltage.

  

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•  Schottky diode

  The Schottky diode (named after German physicist Walter H. Schottky; also known as hot carrier diode) is a semiconductor diode with a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching action. The cat's-whisker detectors used in the early days of wireless can be considered as primitive Schottky diodes. A Schottky diode is a special type of diode with a very low forward-voltage drop. When current flows through a diode there is a small voltage drop across the diode terminals.

  

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•  Varicap

  In electronics, a varicap diode, varactor diode, variable capacitance diode, variable reactance diode or tuning diode is a type of diode which has a variable capacitance that is a function of the voltage impressed on its terminals.

  

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•  Avalanche diode

  An avalanche diode is a diode (usually made from silicon, but can be made from another semiconductor) that is designed to go through avalanche breakdown at a specified reverse bias voltage and conduct as a type of voltage reference. The Zener diode exhibits an apparently similar effect in addition to Zener breakdown. Both effects are actually present in any such diode, but one usually dominates the other.

  

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•  Transient voltage suppression diode

  A transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode is an electronic component used to protect sensitive electronics from voltage spikes induced on connected wires. It is also commonly referred to as a transorb, after the brand name TransZorb registered by General Semiconductor (now part of Vishay). STMicroelectronics sells them under the name Transil. The name Tranzil can also be seen. The device operates by shunting excess current when the induced voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown potential.

  

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•  DIAC

  The DIAC, or 'diode for alternating current', is a trigger diode that conducts current only after its breakdown voltage has been exceeded momentarily. When this occurs, the resistance of the diode abruptly decreases, leading to a sharp decrease in the voltage drop across the diode and, usually, a sharp increase in current flow through the diode. The diode remains "in conduction" until the current flow through it drops below a value characteristic for the device, called the holding current.

  

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•  Thermal diode

  The term thermal diode is sometimes used to describe a (possibly non-electrical) device which causes heat to flow preferentially in one direction. Or, the term may be used to describe an electrical diode in reference to a thermal effect or function. Or the term may be used to describe both situations, where an electrical diode is used as a heat-pump or thermoelectric cooler.

  

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•  Tunnel diode

  A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor diode which is capable of very fast operation, well into the microwave frequency region, by using quantum mechanical effects. It was invented in August 1957 by Leo Esaki when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony), who in 1973 received the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering the electron tunneling effect used in these diodes. These diodes have a heavily doped p–n junction only some 10 nm wide.

  

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•  1st Parachute Division (Germany)

  The German 1st Parachute Division was a German elite military parachute-landing Division that fought during World War II. A division of paratroopers was termed a Fallschirmjäger Division. It was originally raised as the 7th Flieger-Division, or Air Division, before being renamed and reorganized as the 1st Fallschirmjäger Division in 1943.

  

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•  Sarzana

  Sarzana is a town and comune in the Province of La Spezia, of Liguria, Italy, 15 km east of Spezia, on the railway to Pisa, at the point where the railway to Parma diverges to the north. In 2008 it had a population of 21,356.

  

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•  Holy See–Lebanon relations

  

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•  69 (year)

  

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•  St. James Roman Catholic Church, Rectory, and School

  

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