List: 19th-century philosophers

by likeorhate

•  Charles Sanders Peirce

  Charles Sanders Peirce (September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peirce was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for 30 years. It is largely his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, and semiotics (and his founding of pragmatism) that are appreciated today.

  

  29.2%
  

  37.5%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Friedrich Nietzsche

  Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) was a 19th-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, using a distinctive German-language style and displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and aphorism. Nietzsche's influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy, notably in existentialism and postmodernism.

  

  16.8%
  

  12.6%
  

  70.5%
  
•  Georg Cantor

  Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Phillip Cantor (March 3 1845 – January 6, 1918) was a mathematician, best known as the creator of set theory, which has become a fundamental theory in mathematics. Cantor established the importance of one-to-one correspondence between sets, defined infinite and well-ordered sets, and proved that the real numbers are "more numerous" than the natural numbers. In fact, Cantor's theorem implies the existence of an "infinity of infinities".

  

  18.8%
  

  62.5%
  

  18.8%
  
•  Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

  Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher, one of the creators of German Idealism. His historicist and idealist account of the total reality as a whole revolutionized European philosophy and was an important precursor to continental philosophy and Marxism.

  

  26.7%
  

  40.0%
  

  33.3%
  
•  John Stuart Mill

  John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 8 May 1873), English philosopher, political theorist, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential British Classical liberal thinker of the 19th century whose works on liberty justified freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although his conception of it was very different from Bentham's.

  

  45.5%
  

  9.1%
  

  45.5%
  
•  John Abercrombie (physician)

  John Abercrombie (10 October 1780 in Aberdeen – 14 November 1844 in Edinburgh) was a Scottish physician and philosopher. The Chambers Biographical Dictionary says of him that after Dr James Gregory's death, he was "recognized as the first consulting physician in Scotland". The son of the Reverend George Abercrombie of Aberdeen, he was educated at the Grammar School and Marischal College, University of Aberdeen. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, and after graduating as M.D.

  

  0.0%
  

  28.6%
  

  71.4%
  
•  Karl Marx

  Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist, and revolutionary, whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism. Marx summarized his approach in the first line of chapter one of The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

  

  47.8%
  

  30.4%
  

  21.7%
  
•  Ralph Waldo Emerson

  Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, philosopher, and poet, best remembered for leading the Transcendentalist movement of the mid 19th century. His teachings directly influenced the growing New Thought movement of the mid 1800s. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society.

  

  15.8%
  

  21.1%
  

  63.2%
  
•  Søren Kierkegaard

  Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, and psychologist. Kierkegaard strongly criticised both the Hegelianism of his time and what he saw as the empty formalities of the Danish National Church. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives, focusing on the priority of concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment.

  

  25.0%
  

  37.5%
  

  37.5%
  
•  Walt Whitman

  Walter Whitman (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. He was a part of the transition between Transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  
•  George Boole

  George Boole (2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was an English mathematician and philosopher. As the inventor of Boolean logic—the basis of modern digital computer logic—Boole is regarded in hindsight as a founder of the field of computer science. Boole said, ... no general method for the solution of questions in the theory of probabilities can be established which does not explicitly recognise ... those universal laws of thought which are the basis of all reasoning ...

  

  40.0%
  

  40.0%
  

  20.0%
  
•  Henry David Thoreau

  Henry David Thoreau (born David Henry Thoreau; July 12, 1817– May 6, 1862) was an American author, poet, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, philosopher, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.

  

  23.1%
  

  28.2%
  

  48.7%
  
•  Richard Dedekind

  Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (October 6, 1831 – February 12, 1916) was a German mathematician who did important work in abstract algebra, algebraic number theory and the foundations of the real numbers.

  

  100.0%
  

  0.0%
  

  0.0%
  
•  Swami Vivekananda

  Swami Vivekananda (January 12, 1863–July 4, 1902), born Narendranath Dutta is the chief disciple of the 19th century mystic Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and the founder of Ramakrishna Mission. He is considered a key figure in the introduction of Vedanta and Yoga in Europe and America and is also credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a world religion during the end of the 19th century.

  

  41.7%
  

  33.3%
  

  25.0%
  
•  Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

  Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (15 January 1809 in Besançon – 19 January 1865 in Passy) was a French politician, mutualist philosopher and socialist. He was a member of the French Parliament, and he was the first person to call himself an "". He is considered among the most influential theorists and organisers of anarchism. After the events of 1848 he began to call himself a federalist. Proudhon was a printer who taught himself Latin in order to better print books in the language.

  

  42.9%
  

  42.9%
  

  14.3%
  
•  Ernst Mach

  Ernst Mach (February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, remembered for his contributions to physics such as the Mach number and the study of shock waves. As a philosopher of science, he was a major influence on logical positivism and through his criticism of Newton, a forerunner of Einstein's relativity.

  

  35.3%
  

  35.3%
  

  29.4%
  
•  Mikhail Bakunin

  Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (30 May 1814 - 1 July 1876) was a well-known Russian revolutionary and theorist of collectivist anarchism. Born in the Russian Empire to a family of Russian nobles, Bakunin spent his youth as a junior officer in the Russian army but resigned his commission in 1835. He went to school in Moscow to study philosophy and began to frequent radical circles where he was greatly influenced by Alexander Herzen.

  

  71.4%
  

  28.6%
  

  0.0%
  
•  Phineas Quimby

  Phineas Parkhurst Quimby (February 16, 1802 – January 16, 1866), was a New England philosopher, magnetizer, mesmerist, healer, and inventor, who resided in Belfast, Maine, and had an office in Portland, Maine.

  

  16.7%
  

  66.7%
  

  16.7%
  
•  Franz Brentano

  Franz Clemens Honoratus Hermann Brentano (January 16, 1838 – March 17, 1917) was an influential German philosopher and psychologist whose influence was felt by other such luminaries as Sigmund Freud, Edmund Husserl, Kazimierz Twardowski and Alexius Meinong, who followed and adapted his views.

  

  7.7%
  

  38.5%
  

  53.8%
  
•  Sun Yat-sen

  Sun Yat-sen (pinyin Sūn YiXiān) (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Republican China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation. Sun played an instrumental role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in October 1911, the last imperial dynasty of China.

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Auguste Comte

  Auguste Comte (19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher, a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism. He may be regarded as the first philosopher of science in the modern sense of the term. Comte developed sociologie in an attempt to remedy the social malaise left by the French revolution. The discipline was later formally and academically established by Émile Durkheim.

  

  20.0%
  

  0.0%
  

  80.0%
  
•  Allan Kardec

  Allan Kardec is the pseudonym of the French teacher and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail. He is known today as the systematizer of Spiritism for which he laid the foundation with the five books of the Spiritist Codification.

  

  25.0%
  

  37.5%
  

  37.5%
  
•  Eduard Zeller

  Eduard Gottlob Zeller (22 January 1814 – 19 March 1908), was a German philosopher and theologian of the Tübingen School of theology.

  

  28.6%
  

  28.6%
  

  42.9%
  
•  Miguel de Unamuno

  Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (29 September 1864 – 31 December 1936) was an essayist, novelist, poet, playwright and philosopher from Bilbao, Biscay, Basque Country, Spain.

  

  66.7%
  

  33.3%
  

  0.0%
  
•  James Mill

  James Mill (6 April 1773 – 23 June 1836) was a Scottish historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher. He was a founder of classical economics, together with David Ricardo, and the father of influential philosopher of classical liberalism, John Stuart Mill.

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%