List: Varieties of Ancient Greek

by likeorhate

•  Koine Greek

  Koine Greek (common Greek; or ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος, the common dialect) is the popular form of Greek which emerged in post-Classical antiquity. Other names are Alexandrian, Hellenistic, Patristic, Common, Biblical or New Testament Greek. Original names were koine, Hellenic, Alexandrian and Macedonian (Macedonic); all on the contrast to Attic dialect.

  

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•  Attic Greek

  Attic Greek is the prestige dialect of Ancient Greek that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens. Of the ancient dialects, it is the most similar to later Greek, and is the standard form of the language studied in courses of "Ancient Greek". It is sometimes included in Ionic.

  

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•  Doric Greek

  For the modern Doric dialect of Scotland, see Doric dialect (Scotland) Doric or Dorian was a dialect of ancient Greek. Its variants were spoken in the southern and eastern Peloponnese, Crete, Rhodes, some islands in the southern Aegean Sea, some cities on the coasts of Asia Minor, Southern Italy, Sicily, Epirus and Macedon. Together with Northwest Greek, it forms the "Western group" of classical Greek dialects.

  

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•  Ionic Greek

  Ionic Greek was a sub-dialect of the Attic-Ionic dialectal group of Ancient Greek.

  

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•  Aeolic Greek

  Aeolic or Aeolian Greek (also known as Lesbian Greek) is a linguistic term used to describe a set of rather archaic Greek sub-dialects, spoken mainly in Boeotia (a region in Central Greece), in Lesbos (an island close to Asia Minor) and in other Greek colonies. The Aeolic dialect shows many archaisms, in comparison to the other Greek dialects, as well as many innovations. Aeolic Greek is most widely known for being the language of the writings of Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene.

  

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•  Mycenaean Greek language

  Mycenaean is the most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 12th centuries BC, before the hypothesised Dorian invasion which was often cited as the terminus post quem for the coming of the Greek language to Greece. The language is preserved in inscriptions in Linear B, a script first attested on Crete before the 14th century BC.

  

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•  Arcadocypriot Greek

  Arcadocypriot or southern Achaean was an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia in the central Peloponnese and Cyprus. Its resemblance to Mycenaean Greek, as we know it from the Linear B corpus, suggests that Arcadocypriot is its descendant. Proto-Arcadocypriot (~1200 BC) is supposed to have been spoken by Achaeans in the Peloponnese before the arrival of Dorians; for this, it is named also southern Achaean.

  

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•  Ancient Greek dialects

  Ancient Greek, in classical antiquity before the development of the Koiné (κοινή) as the lingua franca of Hellenism, was divided into several dialects. Likewise, Modern Greek is divided into several dialects, most of them deriving from the Koiné.

  

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•  Homeric Greek

  Homeric Greek is the form of Ancient Greek that was used by Homer in the Iliad and Odyssey. It is an archaic version of Ionic Greek, with admixtures from certain other dialects, such as Aeolic Greek. It later served as the basis of Epic Greek, the language of epic poetry, typically in dactylic hexameter, of poets such as Hesiod. Unlike later forms of the language, Homeric Greek did not have available in most circumstances a true definite article.

  

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•  Classical Attic

  

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•  Pamphylian Greek

  Pamphylian is a little-attested and isolated dialect of Ancient Greek which was spoken in Pamphylia, on the southern coast of Asia Minor. Its origins and relation to other Greek dialects are uncertain. A number of scholars have distinguished in Pamphylian dialect important isoglosses with Arcadocypriot which allow them to be studied together. Pamphylia means "land of all phyles (tribes)". The Achaeans may have settled the region while under the leadership of Amphilochus, Calchas, and Mopsus.

  

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•  Locrian Greek

  Locrian Greek is one of the ancient Greek dialects, which was spoken by the Locrians in Locris, Central Greece. It is classified as a dialect of Northwest Greek. The Locrians were divided into two tribes, the Ozolian Locrians and the Opuntian Locrians, thus the Locrian dialect can be also divided in two branches, the Ozolian and Opuntian respectively. The traits of both dialects were described by Wilhelm Dittenberger, editor of the project Inscriptiones Graecae.

  

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