List: Pleistocene mammals

by likeorhate

•  Aurochs

  The aurochs or urus (Bos primigenius), the ancestor of domestic cattle, was a type of huge wild cattle which inhabited Europe, Asia and North Africa, but is now extinct; it survived in Europe until 1627. The aurochs was far larger than most modern domestic cattle with a shoulder height of 2 metres (6.6 ft) and weighing 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb). Domestication occurred in several parts of the world at roughly the same time, about 8,000 years ago.

  

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•  Diprotodon

  Diprotodon or Giant Wombat or Rhinoceros Wombat was the largest known marsupial that ever lived. It, along with many other members of a group of unusual species collectively called the Australian megafauna, existed from 1.6 million years ago until about 40,000 years ago (through most of the Pleistocene epoch). Diprotodon spp. fossils have been found in many places across Australia, including complete skulls and skeletons, as well as hair and foot impressions.

  

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•  Gigantopithecus blacki

  

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•  Mammoth

  A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus. These proboscideans are members of Elephantidae, the family of elephants and mammoths, and close relatives of modern elephants. They were often equipped with long curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair. They lived from the Pliocene epoch from around 4.8 million to 4,500 years ago. The word mammoth comes from the Russian мамонт mamont, probably in turn from the Vogul (Mansi) language, mang ont, meaning "earth horn".

  

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•  Paranthropus

  The robust australopithecines, members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus (Greek para "beside", Greek anthropos "human"), were bipedal hominids that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominids (Australopithecus).

  

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•  Megatherium

  Megatherium ("Great Beast") was a genus of elephant-sized ground sloths endemic to Central America and South America that lived from the Pliocene through Pleistocene existing approximately 5.289 million years. The rhinoceros-sized Promegatherium is suggested to be the ancestor of Megatherium.

  

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•  Mylodon

  Mylodon is an extinct genus of giant ground sloth that lived in the Patagonia area of South America until roughly 10,000 years ago. Mylodon weighed about 200 kilograms (440 lb) and stood up to 3 m (10 ft) tall when raised up on its hind legs. Preserved dung has shown it was a herbivore. It had very thick hide and had osteoderms within its skin for added armor.

  

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•  Machairodus

  Machairodus was a genus of large, machairodontine saber-toothed cats that lived in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America during the Miocene through Pleistocene living from 11.6 mya–126 000 years ago, existing for approximately 11.474 million years.

  

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•  Smilodon

  Smilodon, often called saber-toothed cat or saber-toothed tiger, is an extinct genus of the subfamily machairodontine saber-toothed cats endemic to North America and South America living from the Early Pleistocene through Lujanian stage of the Pleistocene epoch (1.8 mya—10,000 years ago).

  

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•  Homotherium

  Homotherium is an extinct genus of machairodontine saber-toothed cats, often termed scimitar cats, endemic to North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs (5 mya–10 000 years ago), existing for approximately 5 million years. It first became extinct in Africa some 1.5 million years ago. In Eurasia it survived until about 30 000 years ago. The last scimitar cat could have survived in North America until 10 000 years ago.

  

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•  Cave bear

  The Cave Bear (Ursus spelaeus) was a species of bear which lived in Europe during the Pleistocene and became extinct at the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum about 27,500 years ago. Both the name Cave Bear and the scientific name spelaeus derive from the fact that fossils of this species were mostly found in caves, indicating that this species spent more time in caves than the Brown Bear, which only uses caves for hibernation.

  

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•  Deinotherium

  Deinotherium ("terrible beast"), also called the Hoe tusker, was a gigantic prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants that appeared in the Middle Miocene and continued until the Early Pleistocene. During that time it changed very little. In life it probably resembled modern elephants, except that its trunk was shorter, and it had downward curving tusks attached to the lower jaw.

  

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•  Dire Wolf

  The Dire Wolf, Canis dirus, is an extinct carnivorous mammal of the genus Canis, and was most common in North America and South America from the Irvingtonian stage to the Rancholabrean stage of the Pleistocene epoch living 1.80 Ma – 10,000 years ago, existing for approximately 1.79 million years.

  

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•  Elasmotherium

  Elasmotherium ("Thin Plate Beast") is an extinct genus of giant rhinoceros endemic to Asia during the Pliocene through Pleistocene living from 3.6 mya—126,000 existing for approximately 3.5 million years.

  

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•  Woolly rhinoceros

  The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is an extinct species of rhinoceros native to the northern steppes of Eurasia that lived during the Pleistocene epoch and survived the last glacial period. The woolly rhinoceros are members of the Pleistocene megafauna.

  

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•  Steppe Wisent

  The Steppe Bison or steppe wisent (Bison priscus) was a bison found on steppes throughout Europe, Central Asia, Beringia and North America during the Quaternary. It is believed that it evolved somewhere in South Asia which would have it appearing at roughly the same time and region as the aurochs with which its descendants are sometimes confused.

  

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•  Homo floresiensis

  Homo floresiensis, nicknamed "hobbits," are a possible species of extinct human discovered in 2003 on the island of Flores in Indonesia. Partial skeletons of nine individuals have been recovered, including one complete cranium (skull). These remains have been the subject of intense research to determine whether they represent a species distinct from modern humans, and the progress of this scientific controversy has been closely followed by the news media at large.

  

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•  Stegodon

  Stegodon is a genus of the extinct subfamily Stegodontinae of the order Proboscidea. It was assigned to the family Elephantidae (Abel, 1919), but has also been placed in Stegodontidae (R. L. Carroll, 1988). Stegodonts lived in large parts of Asia during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. They were present from 11.6 mya to 11,000 years ago.

  

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•  Homo antecessor

  Homo antecessor is an extinct hominin and a potential distinct species dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell, J. L. Arsuaga and J. M. Bermúdez de Castro. H. antecessor is one of the earliest known hominins in Europe. Many anthropologists believe that H. antecessor is either the same species or a direct antecedent to Homo heidelbergensis, who inhabited Europe from 600,000 to 250,000 years ago in the Pleistocene.

  

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•  Homo georgicus

  Homo georgicus is a species of Homo that was suggested in 2002 to describe fossil skulls and jaws found in Dmanisi, Georgia in 1999 and 2001, which seem intermediate between Homo habilis and H. erectus. A partial skeleton was discovered in 2001. The fossils are about 1.8 million years old. The remains were first discovered in 1991 by Georgian scientist, David Lordkipanidze, accompanied by an international team which unearthed the remains.

  

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•  American Lion

  The American lion (Panthera leo atrox) also known as the North American lion or American cave lion, is an extinct feline of the family Felidae, endemic to North America during the Pleistocene epoch (1.8 mya to 11,000 years ago), existing for approximately 1.789 million years.

  

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•  Gigantopithecus

  Gigantopithecus (from the Greek gigas - γίγας "giant", and pithecus - πίθηκος "ape") is an extinct genus of ape that existed from roughly one million years to as recently as three-hundred thousand years ago, in what is now China, India, and Vietnam, placing Gigantopithecus in the same time frame and geographical location as several hominin species.

  

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•  Pygmy Mammoth

  The Pygmy or Channel Islands Mammoth (Mammuthus exilis) is an extinct species of dwarf elephant descended from the Columbian mammoth (M. columbi). A case of island or insular dwarfism, M. exilis was only 4.5 ft (1.4 m) to 7 ft (2.1 m) tall at the shoulder and weighed about 2,000 lb (910 kg), in contrast to its 14 ft (4.3 m) tall, 20,000 lb (9,100 kg) ancestor. Remains of M.

  

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•  American cheetah

  Miracinonyx (American cheetahs) is an extinct genus of the family Felidae, endemic to North America during the Early Pliocene epoch (1.8 mya—11,000 years ago), existing for approximately 1.8 million years. There were at least two species of feline, morphologically similar to the modern cheetah. Living from three million to ten or twenty thousand years ago in North America, these cats are known only from fragments of skeletons. Two species have been identified: Miracinonyx inexpectatus and M.

  

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•  Homo rhodesiensis

  Homo rhodesiensis (Rhodesian man) is a possible hominin species described from the fossil Kabwe skull. Other morphologically-comparable remains have been found from the same, or earlier, time period in southern Africa (Hopefield or Saldanha), East Africa (Bodo, Ndutu, Eyasi, Ileret) and North Africa (Salé, Rabat, Dar-es-Soltane, Djbel Irhoud, Sidi Aberrahaman, Tighenif). These remains were dated between 300,000 and 125,000 years old.

  

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