List: International trade

by likeorhate

•  Balance of trade

  The balance of trade (or net exports, sometimes symbolized as NX) is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports. A favourable balance of trade is known as a trade surplus and consists of exporting more than is imported; an unfavourable balance of trade is known as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap.

  

  20.0%
  

  20.0%
  

  60.0%
  
•  Customs union

  A customs union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff. The participant countries set up common external trade policy, but in some cases they use different import quotas. Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency. Purposes for establishing a customs union normally include increasing economic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries.

  

  0.0%
  

  50.0%
  

  50.0%
  
•  David Ricardo

  David Ricardo (19 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was an English political economist, often credited with systematizing economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus and Adam Smith. He was also a member of Parliament, businessman, financier and speculator, who amassed a considerable personal fortune.

  

  23.1%
  

  46.2%
  

  30.8%
  
•  Economic and monetary union

  An economic and monetary union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a single market with a common currency. It is to be distinguished from a mere currency union (e.g. the Latin Monetary Union in the 1800s), which does not involve a single market. This is the fifth stage of economic integration. EMU is established through a currency-related trade pact.

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Free trade area

  Free trade area is a type of trade bloc, a designated group of countries that have agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas and preferences on most (if not all) goods and services traded between them. It can be considered the second stage of economic integration. Countries choose this kind of economic integration form if their economical structures are complementary. If they are competitive, they will choose customs union.

  

  25.0%
  

  25.0%
  

  50.0%
  
•  International trade

  International trade is exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. It refers to exports of goods and services by a firm to a foreign-based buyer (importer)In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.

  

  50.0%
  

  0.0%
  

  50.0%
  
•  Public international law

  Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states, analogous entities, such as the Holy See, and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement.

  

  75.0%
  

  0.0%
  

  25.0%
  
•  Intergovernmental organization

  An intergovernmental organization, sometimes rendered as an international governmental organization and both abbreviated as IGO, is an organization comprised primarily of sovereign states (referred to as member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations.

  

  16.7%
  

  8.3%
  

  75.0%
  
•  ISO 4217

  ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

  

  14.3%
  

  57.1%
  

  28.6%
  
•  Mercantilism

  Mercantilism is an economic theory, considered to be a form of economic nationalism, that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable". Economic assets (or capital) are represented by bullion (gold, silver, and trade value) held by the state, which is best increased through a positive balance of trade with other nations (exports minus imports).

  

  20.0%
  

  80.0%
  

  0.0%
  
•  Single market

  A common market is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a customs union with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production and of enterprise. The goal is that the movement of capital, labour, goods, and services between the members is as easy as within them. This is the fourth stage of economic integration. Sometimes a single market is differentiated as a more advanced form of common market.

  

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  100.0%
  

  0.0%
  
•  Special Drawing Rights

  A Special Drawing Right (SDR) is the monetary unit of the reserve assets of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The unit was created in 1969 in support of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates to alleviate the shortage of U.S. dollar and gold reserves in the expansion of international trade. The SDR unit is defined as a weighted sum of contributions of four major currencies, reevaluated and adjusted every five years, and computed daily in terms of equivalent United States dollars.

  

  50.0%
  

  0.0%
  

  50.0%
  
•  Trade

  Trade is the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is also called commerce or transaction. A mechanism that allows trade is called a market. The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and services. Later one side of the barter were the metals, precious metals (poles, coins), bill, paper money. Modern traders instead generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning.

  

  40.0%
  

  20.0%
  

  40.0%
  
•  World Trade Organization

  The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1947.

  

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•  Gold standard

  The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of gold. Three distinct kinds of gold standard can be identified. The gold specie standard is a system in which the monetary unit is associated with circulating gold coins, or with the unit of value defined in terms of one particular circulating gold coin in conjunction with subsidiary coinage made from a lesser valuable metal.

  

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  16.7%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Gresham's law

  Gresham's law is commonly stated: "Bad money drives out good", but more accurately stated: "Bad money drives out good under legal tender laws". This law applies specifically when there are two forms of commodity money in circulation which are required by legal-tender laws to be accepted as having similar face values for economic transactions. Gresham's law is named after Sir Thomas Gresham (1519 – 1579), an English financier during the Tudor dynasty.

  

  50.0%
  

  33.3%
  

  16.7%
  
•  Autarky

  Autarky is the quality of being self-sufficient. Usually the term is applied to political states or their economic policies. Autarky exists whenever an entity can survive or continue its activities without external assistance. Autarky is not necessarily economic. For example, a military autarky would be a state that could defend itself without help from another country.

  

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•  Comparative advantage

  In economics, the principle of comparative advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, a firm, or a country) to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another party. It is the ability to produce a product most efficiently given all the other products that could be produced. It can be contrasted with absolute advantage which refers to the ability of a party to produce a particular good at a lower absolute cost than another.

  

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•  OPEC

  The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries is a cartel of twelve countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. OPEC has maintained its headquarters in Vienna since 1965, and hosts regular meetings among the oil ministers of its Member Countries.

  

  9.1%
  

  9.1%
  

  81.8%
  
•  Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

  The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is a Paris-based international economic organisation of 30 countries. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a high Human Development Index and are regarded as developed countries. It originated in 1948 as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), led by Robert Marjolin of France, to help administer the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II.

  

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  75.0%
  

  25.0%
  
•  Exchange rate

  Taxa de câmbio é o preço de uma unidade monetária de uma moeda em unidades monetárias de outra moeda. A taxa de câmbio pode ser definida em termos directos (ao incerto) ou em termos indirectos (ao certo). A taxa de câmbio está definida em termos directos quando exprime o preço de uma unidade monetária estrangeira em unidades monetárias de moeda nacional .

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Export

  The term "export" is derived from the conceptual meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to an "exporter" who is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyeris referred to as an "importer". In International Trade, "exports" refers to selling goods and services produced in home country to other markets.

  

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  100.0%
  
•  European Patent Convention

  The Convention on the Grant of European Patents of 5 October 1973, commonly known as the European Patent Convention (EPC), is a multilateral treaty instituting the European Patent Organisation and providing an autonomous legal system according to which European patents are granted. The term European patent is used to refer to patents granted under the European Patent Convention.

  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  

  33.3%
  
•  Nanban trade

  The Nanban trade (南蛮貿易, Nanban bōeki, "Southern barbarian trade") or the Nanban trade period (南蛮貿易時代, Nanban bōeki jidai, "Southern barbarian trade period") in Japanese history extends from the arrival of the first Europeans (the portuguese) to Japan in 1543, to their near-total exclusion from the archipelago in 1641, under the promulgation of the "Sakoku" Seclusion Edicts.

  

  18.2%
  

  36.4%
  

  45.5%
  
•  Royal Road

  The Persian Royal Road was an ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius I of the Achaemenid Empire in the 5th century BC. Darius built the road to facilitate rapid communication throughout his very large empire from Susa to Sardis ("centralized rule is the victim of time and distance," Robin Lane Fox has observed in this context). Mounted couriers could travel 1,677 miles (2,699 km) in seven days; the journey from Susa to Sardis took ninety days on foot.

  

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