List: Fibers

by likeorhate

•  Silk

  Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity. The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles thus producing different colors.

  

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•  Yarn

  Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and ropemaking. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for hand or machine embroidery.

  

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•  Fiber

  Fiber, also spelled fibre, is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. They are very important in the biology of both plants and animals, for holding tissues together. Human uses for fibers are diverse. They can be spun into s, string or rope, used as a component of composite materials, or matted into sheets to make products such as paper or felt. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials.

  

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•  Carding

  Carding is a mechanical process that breaks up locks and unorganized clumps of fibre and then aligns the individual fibres so that they are more or less parallel with each other. The word is derived from the latin carduus meaning teasle, as dried vegetable teasles were first use to comb the raw wool. These ordered fibres can then be passed on to other processes that are specific to the desired end use of the fibre: batting, felt, woollen or worsted yarn, etc.

  

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•  Synthetic fiber

  Synthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by scientists to improve upon naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by forcing, usually through extrusion, fiber forming materials through holes (called spinnerets) into the air, forming a thread. Before synthetic fibers were developed, artificially manufactured fibers were made from cellulose, which comes from plants. These fibers are called cellulose fibers.

  

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•  Fiber crop

  Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to make paper, cloth, or rope. The fibers may be chemically modified, like in viscose or cellophane. In recent years materials scientists have begun exploring further use of these fibers in composite materials. Fiber crops are generally harvestable after a single growing season, as distinct from trees, which are typically grown for many years before being harvested for wood pulp fiber.

  

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•  Microfiber

  Microfiber or microfibre refers to synthetic fibers that measure less than one denier. The most common types of microfibers are made from polyesters, polyamides (nylon), and or a conjugation of polyester and polyamide. Microfiber is used to make non-woven, woven and knitted textiles.

  

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•  Navel lint

  Navel lint, or more commonly belly button lint, belly button fluff, button lint or navel fluff, is an accumulation of fluffy fibres in one's navel. Many people find that, at the beginning and end of the day, a small lump of fluff has appeared in the navel cavity. The reasons for this have been the subject of idle speculation for many years but in 2001, Dr. Karl Kruszelnicki of the University of Sydney, Australia, undertook a systematic survey to determine the ins and outs of navel lint.

  

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•  Zari

  for the Tibetan village see Zari, Tibet Zari is a type of thread made of fine gold or silver wire used in traditional Indian and Pakistani garments. This thread is woven into fabrics, primarily made of silk to create intricate patterns. It is believed this tradition started during the Mughal era. Zari is also a method of traditional textile weaving in Iran. Zari is the main material in most silk sarees and ghararas. It is also used in other garments made of silk, like skirts, tops and vettis.

  

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•  Tow

  In the composites industry, a tow is an untwisted bundle of continuous filaments, and it refers to fibres, particularly carbon fibres (also called graphite). Tows are designated by the number of fibres they contain, e.g. a 12K tow contains about 12,000 fibres. In the textile industry, a tow (rhymes with cow, unless referring to cellulose acetate which sounds like toe) is a coarse, broken fibre such as flax, hemp, or jute.

  

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•  Wool combing machine

  The wool combing machine was invented by Edmund Cartwright. This machine is used to arrange and lay parallel by length the fibers of wool, prior to further treatment. The machine was important in the mechanisation of the textile industry. The machine was refined by many later inventors.

  

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•  Desizing

  Desizing is the process of removing the size material from the warp yarns in woven fabrics.

  

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•  Twine

  Twine is a strong thread or string composed of two or more smaller strands or yarns twisted together. More generally, the term can be applied to any thin cord. Natural fibres used for making twine include cotton, sisal, jute, hemp, henequen, and coir. A variety of synthetic fibres may also be used.

  

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•  Roving

  A roving is a long and narrow bundle of fibre. It is usually used to spin woollen yarn. A roving can be created by carding the fibre, and it is then drawn into long strips. Because it is carded, the fibres are not parallel, though drawing it into strips may line the fibres up a bit. Roving is similar to sliver. Because roving has been created by carding, the fibres are less parallel than top (combed) and are not of uniform length.

  

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•  Fibril

  Fibril is a fine fiber approximately 1 nm in diameter. Cytoplasmic fibrils are observed on the protoplasmic cylinders found in most spirochetal species, although no function of the cytoplasmic fibrils has been ascribed. Polysaccharides, the union of several linked monosaccharides, sometimes serve as a structural compound. Cellulose, the most abundant organic compound on Earth, forms cable-like strings, known as fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plant cells.

  

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•  Natural fiber

  Fibers or fibres are a class of hair-like materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to pieces of thread. They can be spun into filaments, thread, or rope. They can be used as a component of composite materials. They can also be matted into sheets to make products such as paper or felt. Fibers are of three types: natural fiber, cellulose fiber, and synthetic fiber.

  

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•  Exalon

  A trademark of Allerayde, UK. Micro fibre material used in Allerayde Bluecare sleepsuits for sufferers of Eczema and Psoriasis, improving the SCORAD index and breaking the Scratch/Itch Cycle. Superior properties to cotton, including reduction in symptoms, frequency of waking, itching and sleeplessness and improvement in sleep comfort. No retention of perspiration and no retention of heat. Seen as an addition to the treatment of Eczema.

  

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•  Staple (wool)

  Staple is a term referring to naturally formed clusters or locks of wool fibres throughout a fleece that are held together by cross fibres. The staple strength of wool is one of the major determining factors when spinning yarn as well as the sale price of greasy wool. Virtually all fleece and better grade wool skirtings sold at auction in Australia are objectively measured prior to the sale with the average results printed in a catalogue.

  

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•  Codilla

  Codilla, the name given to the broken fibres which are separated from the flax during the scutching process. On this account it is sometimes termed scutching tow. Quantities of this material are used along with heckled tow in the production of tow yarns.

  

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•  Nanofiber

  Nanofibers are defined as fibers with diameters on the order of 100 nanometers. They can be produced by interfacial polymerization and electrospinning. Carbon nanofibers are graphitized fibers produced by catalytic synthesis. For optical nanofibers see subwavelength-diameter optical fiber.

  

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•  Sea silk

  Sea silk is an extremely fine, rare and valuable fabric produced from the long silky filaments or byssus secreted by a gland in the foot of several bivalve mollusks by which they attach themselves to the sea bed. Sea silk was produced in the Mediterranean region from the large bivalve mollusk, Pinna nobilis until early in the 20th century. The shell, which is sometimes almost a metre long, adheres itself to rocks with a tuft of very strong thin fibres, pointed end down, in the intertidal zone.

  

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•  Wood wool

  Wood wool, known primarily as excelsior in North America, is a product made of wood slivers, cut from logs, mainly used in packaging, for the cooling pads in home evaporative cooling systems known as swamp coolers, for erosion control mats, or as a raw material for the production of other products such as bonded wood wool boards.

  

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•  Fibrillogenesis

  Fibrillogenesis is the development of fine fibrils normally present in collagen fibers of connective tissue. It is derived from the Greek fibrillo (meaning fibrils, or pertaining to fibrils) and genesis (to create, the process by which something is created).

  

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•  Rajshahi Silk

  

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•  Organic cotton

  Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton, from non genetically modified plants, that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States cotton plantations must also meet the requirements enforced by the National Organic Program (NOP), from the USDA, in order to be considered organic.

  

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