List: Ancient Gauls

by likeorhate

•  Ambiorix

  Ambiorix was, together with Catuvolcus, prince of the Eburones, leader of a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul, where modern Belgium is located. In the 19th century Ambiorix became a Belgian national hero because of his resistance against Julius Caesar, as written in Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico.

  

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•  Vercingetorix

  Vercingetorix (c. 82 BC – 46 BC) was the chieftain of the Arverni tribe, who united the Gauls in an ultimately unsuccessful revolt against Roman forces during the last phase of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. Vercingetorix came to power in 52 BC, when he raised an army and was proclaimed king at Gergovia. He soon established an alliance with other tribes and took control of their combined armies, leading them in Gaul's most significant revolt against Roman power.

  

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•  Vindex

  Gaius Iulius Vindex, of a noble Gaulish family of Aquitania given senatorial status under Claudius, was a Roman governor in the province of Gallia Lugdunensis. In either late 67 or early 68, rebelled against the tax policy of the Emperor Nero. According to the historian Cassius Dio, Vindex "was powerful in body and of shrewd intelligence, was skilled in warfare and full of daring for any great enterprise; and he had a passionate love of freedom and a vast ambition" (Cassius Dio, 63.22.1-2).

  

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•  Favorinus

  Favorinus of Arelata was a Hellenistic sophist and philosopher who flourished during the reign of Hadrian. He was of Gaulish ancestry, born in Arelate. He is described as a hermaphrodite (ανδροθηλυς) by birth. He received an exquisite education, first in Gallia Narbonensis and then in Rome, and at an early age began his lifelong travels through Greece, Italy and the East. His extensive knowledge, combined with great oratorical powers, raised him to eminence both in Athens and in Rome.

  

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•  Carausius

  Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius (died 293) was a military commander of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century. He was a Menapian, born in Minevia, the western part of Britain, who usurped power in 286, declaring himself emperor in Britain and northern Gaul. He did this only 13 years after the Gallic Empire of the Batavian Postumus was ended in 273. He held power for seven years, before being assassinated by his finance minister Allectus.

  

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•  Sidonius Apollinaris

  Gaius Sollius (Modestus) Apollinaris Sidonius or Saint Sidonius Apollinaris (November 5 of an unknown year, perhaps 430 – August, 489) was a poet, diplomat, and bishop. Sidonius was "the single most important surviving author from fifth-century Gaul" according to Eric Goldberg.

  

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•  Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus

  Gnaeus Pompēius Trōgus, known as Pompeius Trogus, Pompey Trogue, or Trogue Pompey, was a 1st century BC Roman historian of the Celtic tribe of the Vocontii in Gallia Narbonensis, flourished during the age of Augustus, nearly contemporary with Livy. His grandfather served in the war against Sertorius with Pompey, through whose influence he obtained Roman citizenship; hence the name Pompeius, adopted as a token of gratitude to his benefactor.

  

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•  Acco

  Acco was a chief of the Senones in Gaul, who induced his countrymen to revolt against Julius Caesar in 53 BC. On the conclusion of the war, and after a conference at Durocortorum, Caesar had Acco tried and convicted on charges of treason. As punishment, he was flogged to death.

  

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•  Julius Indus

  Julius Indus was a nobleman of the Gaulish Treveri tribe. In 21 AD he helped the Romans put down a rebellion of the Treveri and Aedui. He went on to lead the Ala Gallorum Indiana cavalry unit which may have been involved in the Roman invasion of Britain, and was certainly posted at Corinum in the mid-to-late 1st century. His daughter, Julia Pacata, married the procurator of Roman Britain, Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus, and buried him in London in 65.

  

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•  Julia Pacata

  Julia Pacata was the daughter of Julius Indus, a 1st century nobleman of the Gaulish Treveri who helped put down a Gaulish rebellion in 21 and led an auxiliary cavalry unit in the Roman army, the Ala Gallorum Indiana. She married Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus, the procurator of Roman Britain from 61 to his death in 65. She buried him in London, and his reconstructed tombstone, which was re-used in the medieval wall of London, is now in the British Museum.

  

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•  Crixus

  Crixus (d. 72 BC) was a leader of the slave rebellion in the Third Servile War, along with Spartacus and Oenomaus. He was a Gaul (his name means "one with curly hair" in Gaulish), and had been a slave for several years before the revolt. Crixus had fought for the Allobroges against the Romans and had been captured. Like his companions, Crixus had trained as a gladiator in Capua.

  

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•  Dumnorix

  Dumnorix (given on coins as Dubnoreix) was a chieftain of the Aedui, a Celtic tribe in Gaul in the 1st century B.C. He was strongly against alliance with the Romans, particularly Julius Caesar, who sparred with him on several occasions. Dumnorix, Orgetorix of the Helvetii and Casticus of the Sequani were said to be conspiring to establish a Gallic triumvirate to replace the existing magistracies of the Gallic peoples shortly before Caesar's governorship.

  

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•  Publius Valerius Cato

  Publius Valerius Cato (flourished 1st century B.C. ) was a Roman poet and grammarian. He is of importance as the leader of the new school of poetry. Its followers rejected the national epic and drama in favor of the artificial mythological epics and elegies of the Alexandrian school, and preferred Euphorion of Chalcis to Ennius. Learning, that is, a knowledge of Greek literature and myths, and strict adherence to metrical rules were regarded by them as indispensable to the poet.

  

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•  Ducarius

  Ducarius was a Gallic nobleman that fought for Hannibal at the Battle of Lake Trasimene who Livy said slew the Roman commander Gaius Flaminius.

  

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•  Diviciacus (Aedui)

  Diviciacus or Divitiacus of the Aedui is Latinised name of the only druid from Antiquity whose existence is historically attested. He should not be confused with the king of the Suessiones, also called Diviciacus; however coins issued by the latter confirm the spelling (Gaulish written in Greek script), δειοιχυαχοϲ. The name means "avenger" (Delamarre p.145).

  

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•  Marcellus Empiricus

  Marcellus Empiricus, also known as Marcellus Burdigalensis, was a Latin medical writer from Gaul at the turn of the 4th and 5th centuries. His only extant work is the De medicamentis, a compendium of pharmacological preparations drawing on the work of multiple medical and scientific writers as well as on folk remedies and magic.

  

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•  Oenomaus (rebel slave)

  Oenomaus, was a gladiator from Gaul, escaped from the gladiatorial school of Lentulus Batiatus in Capua. Together with the Thracian Spartacus and a fellow Gaul, Crixus, he became one of the leaders of rebellious slaves during the Third Servile War (73-71 BC), but died early in the war. Oenomaus was involved in one of the first major successes of the slave army, the rout of the army of the praetor Gaius Claudius Glaber, who had tried to lay siege to the slave army near Mount Vesuvius.

  

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•  Aneroëstes

  Aneroëstes (Greek Ἀνηροέστης) (d. 225 BC) was one of the two leaders of the Gaesatae, a group of Gaulish mercenaries who lived in the Alps near the Rhône and fought against the Roman Republic in the Battle of Telamon of 224 BC. He and his colleague Concolitanus were hired by the Boii and Insubres in response to the Roman colonisation of the formerly Gallic region of Picenum.

  

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•  Brennus (4th century BC)

  Brennus (or Brennos) was a chieftain of the Senones, a Gallic tribe originating from the modern areas of France known as Seine-et-Marne, Loiret, and Yonne, but which had expanded to occupy northern Italy. In 387 BC he led an army of Cisalpine Gauls in their attack on Rome. It has been theorized that Brennus is actually a title rather than a name. This is because "Brennus" also appears as the name of a Gallic leader 100 years later.

  

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•  Brinno

  Brinno was leader of the Canninefates when they joined in the Batavian rebellion at the mouth of the Rhine in AD69. According to Tacitus he was: ... a man of a certain stolid bravery and of distinguished birth. His father, after venturing on many acts of hostility, had scorned with impunity the ridiculous expedition of Caligula. His very name, the name of a family of rebels, made him popular.

  

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•  Cingetorix (Gaul)

  Cingetorix (Celtic "marching king" or "king of warriors") was one of the two chieftains struggling for the supremacy of the Treveri of Gaul. Caesar supported him over his more anti-Roman rival Indutiomarus. However Indutiomarus persuaded his people to join the revolt led by Ambiorix of the Eburones in 54 BC, declared Cingetorix a public enemy and confiscated his property. Cingetorix presented himself to Caesar's legate Titus Labienus, who defeated and killed Indutiomarus in a cavalry engagement.

  

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•  Marcus Antonius Gnipho

  Marcus Antonius Gnipho was a grammarian and teacher of rhetoric of Gaulish origin who taught in ancient Rome. Born in Gaul, he was exposed as a child, but was found, and grew up a slave. He was later freed, and according to Roman naming conventions took the nomen and praenomen of his former master, one Marcus Antonius. He may have been educated in Alexandria. He had a great memory and was well-read in both Greek and Latin.

  

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•  Britomaris

  By Roman tradition, Britomaris was a warchief leader of the Gallic tribe known as the Senones in 284 BC when he defeated a Roman army under the command of the Consul Lucius Caecilius Metellus Denter. He was presumably defeated the next year by Publius Cornelius Dolabella and taken prisoner. He was executed after Dolabella's triumph, in accordance with Roman custom.

  

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•  Sedullos

  Sedullos (87 BC-52 BC) was a Gaulish chief of the tribe of the Lemovices. He commanded the 10,000 Lemovices that formed part of the relief force led by the Arvernian Vercassivellaunos. This relief force was raised to assist Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia. His death and courage are mentioned by Julius Caesar in his Gallic Wars.

  

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•  Tonantius Ferreolus (senator)

  Tonantius Ferreolus (also called Tonance Ferréol in modern French) (between about 440 and 450 – between 511 to after 517), vir clarissimus between 507 and 511, was a Gallo-Roman Senator who lived in Narbonne, then called Narbo, between about 479 and 517. He was also present and seen at Rome in 469 and 475 and was known to be a friend and relative of Sidonius Apollinaris. He was the son of Tonantius Ferreolus and wife Papianilla.

  

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