Classical unities

•  Ode

  Ode (from the Ancient Greek ὠδή) is a type of lyrical verse. A classic ode is structured in three major parts: the strophe, the antistrophe, and the epode. Different forms such as the homostrophic ode and the irregular ode also exist. It is most likely that the Greek odes gradually lost their musical character; they were originally accompanied with the aulos, and then declaimed without any music at all.

  

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•  Orchestra

  An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string, brass, woodwind sections, and almost always a percussion section as well. The term orchestra derives from the Greek ορχήστρα, the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus. The orchestra grew by accretion throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but changed very little in composition during the course of the twentieth century.

  

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•  Tragedy

  Tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. While most cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, tragedy refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization.

  

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•  Protagonist

  A protagonist (from the Greek πρωταγωνιστής protagonistes, "one who plays the first part, chief actor") is the main character (the central or primary personal figure) of a literary, theatrical, cinematic, video game, or musical narrative, around whom the events of the narrative's plot revolve and with whom the audience is intended to share the most empathy.

  

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•  Strophe

  Strophe is a concept in versification which properly means a turn, as from one foot to another, or from one side of a chorus to the other. A strophe also forms the first part of the ode, followed by the antistrophe and epode. In its original Greek setting, "strophe, antistrophe and epode were a kind of stanzas framed only for the music," as John Milton wrote in the preface to Samson Agonistes, with the strophe chanted by a Greek chorus as it moved from right to left across the stage.

  

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•  Epode

  Epode, in verse, is the third part of an ode, which followed the strophe and the antistrophe, and completed the movement. At a certain point in time the choirs, which had previously chanted to right of the altar or stage, and then to left of it, combined and sang in unison, or permitted the coryphaeus to sing for them all, while standing in the centre.

  

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•  Greek chorus

  The Greek chorus (choros) is a group of twelve or fifteen minor actors in tragic and twenty-four in comic plays of classical Athens. They can portray any characters, for instance, in Aeschylus' Agamemnon, the chorus comprises the elderly men of Argos, whereas in Euripides' The Bacchae, they are a group of eastern bacchants, and in Sophocles' Electra, the chorus is made up of the women of Argos.

  

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•  Catharsis

  Catharsis is a Greek word meaning "cleansing", "purging". It is derived from the infinitive verb of Ancient Greek: transliterated as kathairein "to purify, purge," and adjective Ancient Greek: katharos "pure or clean."

  

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•  The Birth of Tragedy

  The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music (Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik, 1872) is a 19th-century work of dramatic theory by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. It was reissued in 1886 as The Birth of Tragedy, Or: Hellenism and Pessimism . The later edition contained a prefatory essay, An Attempt at Self-Criticism, wherein Nietzsche commented on this very early work.

  

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•  Deus ex machina

  A deus ex machina is a plot device whereby a previously intractable problem is suddenly and abruptly solved with a contrived introduction of a new character, ability, or object. It is generally considered to be a poor storytelling technique because it undermines the story's internal logic.

  

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•  Magnetic ink character recognition

  Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. The technology allows computers to read information (such as account numbers) off of printed documents. Unlike barcodes or similar technologies, however, MICR codes can be easily read by humans. MICR characters are printed in special typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide.

  

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•  Prosody (linguistics)

  In linguistics, prosody (from Greek προσῳδία, prosōidía) is the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech. Prosody may reflect various features of the speaker or the utterance: the emotional state of a speaker; whether an utterance is a statement, a question, or a command; whether the speaker is being ironic or sarcastic; emphasis, contrast, and focus; or other elements of language that may not be encoded by grammar or choice of vocabulary.

  

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•  Francisco Lima

  Francisco Lima Govinho (born April 17, 1971 in Manaus) is a Brazilian football (soccer) player. He is a defensive midfielder. He played for São Paulo Futebol Clube in 1996, and played for Gaziantepspor in 1996/1998. He then played for FC Zürich between 1998 to 2000, and joined Serie A team Lecce during 1999/2000. One year later, he transferred to Bologna, and impressed AS Roma enough to win a move to them in 2001. He stayed in the capital for three seasons.

  

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•  Richard Amherst Luard

  Major-General Richard George Amherst Luard, CB (29 July 1827 – 24 July 1891) was a British Army officer. He was the oldest son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Luard, who had served at Waterloo. Luard was educated at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, served in India, the Crimea and China and became General Officer Commanding the Forces Canada from 1880 to 1884.

  

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•  First-person narrator

  

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