List: History of theatre

by likeorhate

•  Kabuki

  Kabuki is the highly stylized classical Japanese dance-drama. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers. The individual kanji characters, from left to right, mean sing (歌), dance (舞), and skill (伎). Kabuki is therefore sometimes translated as "the art of singing and dancing. " These are, however, ateji characters which do not reflect actual etymology.

  

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•  Classical unities

  The classical unities or three unities are rules for drama derived from a passage in Aristotle's Poetics. In their neoclassical form they are as follows: The unity of action: a play should have one main action that it follows, with no or few subplots. The unity of place: a play should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place. The unity of time: the action in a play should take place over no more than 24 hours.

  

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•  English Renaissance theatre

  English Renaissance theatre, also called early modern English theatre, refers to the theatre of England, largely based in London, which occurred between the Reformation and the closure of the theatres in 1642. It includes the drama of William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe and many other world-famous playwrights.

  

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•  Commedia dell'arte

  Commedia dell'arte (short for "Commedia dell'arte dell'improvvisazione" — "comedy of the art of improvisation") is a professional form of theatre that began in Italy in the mid-15th century, and was characterized by masked "types", the advent of the actress, and improvised performances based on sketches or scenarios. It continued its popularity in France during the 17th century, and evolved into various configurations across Europe.

  

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•  Thespis

  Thespis of Icaria (6th century BC), according to certain Ancient Greek sources and especially Aristotle, was the first person ever to appear on stage as an actor playing a character in a play (instead of speaking as him or herself). In other sources, he is said to have introduced the first principal actor in addition to the chorus. According to Aristotle, writing nearly two centuries later, Thespis was a singer of dithyrambs (songs about stories from mythology with choric refrains).

  

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•  Tragedy

  Tragedy is a form of art based on human suffering that offers its audience pleasure. While most cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, tragedy refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization.

  

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•  Salmacida Spolia

  Salmacida Spolia was the last masque performed at the English Court before the outbreak of the English Civil War. Written by Sir William Davenant, with costumes, sets, and stage effects designed by Inigo Jones and with music by Lewis Richard, it was performed at Whitehall Palace on January 21, 1640.

  

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•  Harlequinade

  Harlequinade is a type of theatrical performance piece, originally a slapstick adaptation of the Commedia dell'arte, which dates back to Italy in the 16th century. The story revolves around the lives of its five main characters: Harlequin, Pierrot, Columbine, Clown, and Pantaloon. The British harlequinade, beginning in the 18th century, involved a series of scenes interwoven with scenes from a serious play based on a myth or folklore.

  

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•  History of theatre

  Ésquilo (525 a 456 aC aproximadamente) – Principal Texto: Prometeu Acorrentado. Tema Principal que tratava: Contava fatos sobre os Deuses e os Mitos. Ele morreu com uma tartarugada na cabeça enquanto andava pela praia. Sófocles (496 a 406 a.C. aproximadamente) – Principal Texto: Édipo Rei. Tema Principal que tratava: das grandes figuras Reais. Eurípides (484 a 406 a.C.

  

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•  Noh

  Noh (Nō), or Nogaku is a major form of classical Japanese musical drama that has been performed since the 14th century. Many characters are masked, with men playing male and female roles. The repertoire is normally limited to a specific set of historical plays. A Noh performance often lasts all day and consists of five Noh plays interspersed with shorter, humorous kyōgen pieces.

  

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•  Hellmouth

  Hellmouth is the entrance to Hell envisaged as the gaping mouth of a huge monster, an image which first appears in Anglo-Saxon art, and then spread all over Europe, remaining very common in depictions of the Last Judgment and Harrowing of Hell until the end of the Middle Ages, and still sometimes used during the Renaissance and after.

  

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•  Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage

  In March of 1698, Jeremy Collier published his anti-theater pamphlet, A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage; in the pamphlet, Collier attacks a number of playwrights: William Wycherley, John Dryden, William Congreve, John Vanbrugh, and Thomas D’Urfey. Collier attacks rather recent, rather popular comedies from the London stage; he accuses the playwrights of profanity, blasphemy, indecency, and undermining public morality through the sympathetic depiction of vice.

  

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•  Izumo no Okuni

  Okuni (1572?-?) was the originator of kabuki theater. She was believed to be a miko at the Grand Shrine of Izumo who began performing this new style of dancing, singing, and acting in the dry riverbeds of Kyoto.

  

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•  En travesti

  En travesti (literally "in disguise") is a theatrical term referring to the portrayal of a character in a play, opera or ballet by a performer of the opposite sex. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English classifies the term as "pseudo-French". The phrase itself is not recorded in French, and derives from the misinterpretation of travesti (the past participle of the French verb travestir) as a noun.

  

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•  Phantasmagoria

  Phantasmagoria (also fantasmagorie, fantasmagoria) was a precinema projection ghost show invented in France in the late 18th century, which gained popularity through most of Europe (especially England) throughout the 19th century. A modified type of magic lantern was used to project frightening images such as skeletons, demons, and ghosts onto walls, smoke, or semi-transparent screens, frequently using rear projection.

  

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•  Playing company

  In Renaissance London, playing company was the usual term for a company of actors. These companies were organized around a group of ten or so shareholders (or "sharers"), who performed in the plays but were also responsible for management. The sharers employed "hired men" — that is, the minor actors and the workers behind the scenes.

  

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•  Walnut Street Theatre

  The Walnut Street Theatre (or simply The Walnut), located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at 825 Walnut Street, is the oldest continuously operating theatre in the English-speaking world and the oldest in the United States.

  

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•  Revolving stage

  A revolving stage is a mechanically controlled platform within a theatre that can be rotated in order to speed up the changing of a scene within a show. Though it is commonly supposed that the first western theatre to feature a revolving stage was the Residenztheater in Munich, installed by Lautenschläger in the last decade of the nineteenth century for presenting the operas of Mozart, Harold M.

  

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•  Entremés

  Entremés, is a short, comic theatrical performance of one act, usually played during the interlude of a performance of a long dramatic work, in the 16th and 17th centuries in Spain. Later it became the sainete. When the genre begun it was written both in prose and verse, but after Luis Quiñones de Benavente (1600-1650) defined the genre, all works were written in verse.

  

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•  Circus of Pepin and Breschard

  The equestrian theatre company of Pépin and Breschard arrived in the United States of America from Madrid, Spain (where they had performed during the 1805 and 1806 seasons), in November of 1807. They toured that new country until 1815. From their arrival until the present day, what is now known as the traditional circus has had a presence in North America. Invited to perform in the United States by the Spanish Ambassador, Luis de Onis, the company landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts from Spain.

  

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•  Skene

  

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•  African Theatre

  The African Theatre was an African-American acting troupe in New York City established by William Henry Brown in the 1820s. The troupe performed plays by Shakespeare and plays written by Brown, several of which were anti-colonization and anti-slavery. The troupe was largely ignored and even vilified by whites for performing on stage. Little is known of the participants as a result of the destruction of the records of the troupe, even till this day.

  

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•  Nicola Sabbatini

  Nicola Sabbatini (1574 – December 25, 1654), also known as Niccolò Sabbatini or Nicola Sabbattini, was an Italian architect of the Baroque. A native of Pesaro, he was extremely influential at the time for his pioneering and inventive designs of theaters, stage sets, lighting and stage machinery.

  

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•  Œil du prince

  L'œil du prince ("the prince's eye") is a French expression popularized by Nicola Sabbatini (1574–1654), an Italian stage designer and architect of the Renaissance in his famous treatise published in 1638. It is an imaginary point in the audience of a theatre, located in its central axis, approximately 0.6 m (18 inches) above the stage, and at a distance equal to the stage's width. In most theaters it corresponds more or less to the seventh row of seats.

  

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•  Periaktos

  Periaktos (plural form Periaktoi, from Greek revolving) is a device used for displaying and rapidly changing theatre scenes. It was first mentioned in Vitruvius' book on architecture, De architectura but its most intense use began in Renaissance theatre, as a result of the work of important theatrical designers, such as Nicola Sabbatini (1574-1654).

  

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